Methodology Worlds | World’s Best Cities

Methodology

World’s Best Cities Methodology

Our methodology is a combination of core statistics from more than 400 global cities and resident and visitor perception indicators like user-generated ratings and reviews.

Resonance interprets this data through the lens of three key factors—Livability, Lovability and Prosperity—to define each city’s Place Power Score.

Our Methodology

How we ranked World’s Best Cities for 2026

To rank the performance and perception of the World’s Best Cities for 2026, Resonance analyzed the principal cities of metropolitan statistical areas with populations of more than 1,000,000 (according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and each country’s federal agency for statistical data). We determined the Top 100 cities using a combination of core statistics and user-generated data from online sources such as Google, Instagram, and TikTok to measure quality of place when it comes to experiential factors. This ranking also excludes all Russian cities, as it has since 2022, due to the country’s illegal invasion of Ukraine and its ongoing military aggression.

This blend of data led to the creation of Resonance’s proprietary Place Power Score, the foundation of all of our Best Cities rankings. So how does Resonance choose the metrics to effectively measure an urban region’s performance relative to its competitors? While many factors shape our perception of urban regions as desirable places to live, work or visit, Resonance’s rankings are focused on the shared factors that demonstrate moderate to strong correlations with the performance of urban regions when it comes to attracting prime-age population (age 25–44), visitation trends, and/or business formation. Based on our ongoing analysis, these factors are an eclectic mix that range from the number of large companies headquartered in a city to the variety of nightlife and outdoor recreation experiences.

Since these factors can change and evolve over time, we continually update our methodology to reflect these shifts. For example, in recent years we’ve included new measures such as Weather (to gauge the volatility of precipitation) and Public Transportation (to assess residents’ accessibility to public transit). We’ve also refined our data sources to improve global coverage and reduce regional bias. For example, we now integrate online review data from Google, which offers stronger representation across regions, and supplement global social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook with equivalent platforms in markets where these are not accessible, such as Weibo and Rednote for Chinese cities, ensuring a more accurate reflection of local and international engagement.

In total, our performance data measures 46 metrics across 30 categories. All metrics are weighted evenly and aggregated up to the category level, and all categories are weighted equally and aggregated up to each Livability, Lovability, and Prosperity pillar.

As part of our partnership with Ipsos (see page 4), we combined the performance data of the categories that comprise our overall Livability, Lovability, and Prosperity indices with perception data reflecting the opinions and preferences of more than 21,000 respondents across 31 countries spanning North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Africa. Each country was given equal weight in the total data set.The survey was constructed to extract the towns and cities where these 21,000 people would most like to live, where they would most like to visit, and where they believe they would find the best job opportunities. This was accomplished with three open-ended questions where respondents could identify the towns and cities that they prefer.

We asked them, when thinking about places across the globe, including small towns and large cities: which three towns or cities would you most like to live in, most like to visit, and think currently offer the best job opportunities?

This open-ended question methodology enabled us to capture the destinations that are top of mind to survey participants rather than restricting them to a predetermined list of cities.

The responses to these questions were aggregated and coded to benchmark the perception equivalent of our performance results, creating a true balance across our three overall indices of Livability, Lovability, and Prosperity.

Livability

Our most layered overarching category quantifies a city’s physical sense of place.

To score a city within our Livability category, we evaluate the perceived quality of its natural and built environments. This includes the availability of green space in its urban center and how many quality parks, outdoor experiences, and sights and landmarks are recommended online by locals and visitors. We also look at key socioeconomic factors such as the cost of living relative to income – a factor that not only retains talent, but also attracts it (and, by extension, attracts skill-seeking companies as well). Livability also looks at the natural attributes of a region such as the amount of tree cover and the quality of the air residents and visitors breathe.

Livability Metrics

Sights & Landmarks
The number of sights and landmarks rated above four stars, as listed on Tripadvisor. (Tripadvisor.com)

Walkability
The average travel time for an individual to reach daily activity venues in a city on foot. Daily activity venues include outdoor spaces, learning institutions, supermarkets, restaurants, transit stations, cultural spaces, gyms, government services, and healthcare facilities. (15 Minute City)

Biking
The average travel time for an individual to reach daily activity venues in a city on bike. Daily activity venues include outdoor activities, learning institutions, supermarkets, restaurants, transit stations, cultural activities, gyms, government services, and healthcare facilities. (15min-City)

Weather
The annual average amount of precipitation,such as rain and snow, that reaches the Earth’s surface each year, relative to the global average. (OECD and weather-and-climate.com)

Air Quality
The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a measure of air pollutant concentrations. (IQAir)

Green Space
This category includes metrics that measure the share of land area covered by green area, including trees, shrublands, and grasslands, in a city’s urban center. (OECD)

Nature & Parks
This indicator measures the share of an urban area’s land that is covered with vegetation that is at least 16 feet in height and with canopy cover that is greater than 50%. (OECD)

Public Transit
The estimated share of urban population who can access a public transport stop within a walking distance of 500 meters (for low-capacity public transport systems) and/or 1000 meters (for high-capacity public transport systems) along the street network. (United Nations)

Internet Infrastructure
Average internet download speed, deviation from world average. (OECD)

Standard of Living
Reflects the overall economic well-being of residents, using the value of goods and services produced locally as a proxy for income, adjusted for the relative cost of living in the city. (OECD and National Statistic Offices)

Health
Includes metrics that measure the population’s life expectancy at birth and the availability of physicians relative to population size.

Perception
Ranking in a survey of more than 21,000 respondents from 31 countries about the top three cities and towns that they would most like to live in someday. (Ipsos)

Lovability

Lovability speaks to the relative vibrancy and quality of place of a city relative to its competitive set.

For almost a decade, Resonance research has shown that the more vibrant a city or region is in terms of its culture, dining and nightlife, the more visitors, young professionals and large corporations it attracts. A region’s lovability also inspires residents, businesses and visitors to promote a region to the world more effectively and cost-efficiently than destination marketers can ever hope to. Resonance ranks a city’s performance in each of these areas based on the number of stories, references and recommendations shared online about that city in key user- generated digital channels like Google, Instagram and TikTok.

Lovability Metrics

Google Trends
Popularity of a city worldwide on Google Trends in the past 12 months, relative to the other cities analyzed. (Trends.Google.com)

Facebook Check-ins
Measures the total number of check-ins posted by residents and tourists in a region, relative to the average number of check-ins for other cities analyzed that are listed on the platform. For cities where Facebook is not accessible – primarily in China – data from Weibo, a major Chinese social media platform used for sharing updates, photos, and location-based check-ins, is used instead and compared to other cities listed on Weibo. (Facebook.com and Weibo.com)

Instagram Posts
Measures the total number of posts, including Reels, geo-tagged to a city and shared by residents and tourists on Instagram, relative to the average number of posts for other cities analyzed that are listed on the platform. For cities where Instagram is not accessible – primarily in China – data from Xiaohongshu (Rednote), a popular Chinese social media platform known for image-driven lifestyle content, is used instead and compared to other cities listed on Rednote. (Instagram. com and Rednote.com)

TikTok Videos
Measures the total number of posts, including videos and short-form content, geo-tagged to a city and shared by residents and tourists on TikTok, relative to the average number of posts for other cities analyzed that are listed on the platform. (TikTok)

Nightlife
The number of local nightlife experiences, including lounges, comedy clubs, and night clubs rated above four stars, as well as the popularity of those assets, as listed on Google and Trip.com. (Google and Trip.com)

Shopping
The number of shopping centers, including shopping malls and markets, rated above four stars, as well as the popularity of those assets, as listed on Google and Trip.com. (Google and Trip.com)

Restaurants
The total number of restaurants listed within a city, as well as the popularity of those restaurants, as listed on Google and Trip.com. (Google and Trip.com)

Museums
The number of museums and galleries in a city rated above four stars, as well as the popularity of those assets, as listed on Google and Trip.com. (Google and Trip.com)

Theaters & Concerts
The number of theater, concert, and event venues rated above four stars, as well as the popularity of those assets, as listed on Google and Trip.com. (Google and Trip.com)

Family-Friendly Attractions
The number of zoos, aquariums, amusement parks, and fun and games, such as mini-golf and video arcades, rated above four stars, as well as the popularity of those assets, as listed on Google and Trip.com. (Google and Trip.com)

Perception
Ranking in a survey of more than 21,000 respondents from 31 countries about the top three cities and towns that they would most like to visit in the next 12 to 24 months. (Ipsos)

Prosperity

Human capital is becoming a region’s most valuable resource when it comes to generating wealth and prosperity. For many cities, it is increasingly in short supply.

To assess a city’s prosperity, Resonance evaluates the foundations that enable economic growth and the attraction of talent. Corporate presence and a thriving start-up ecosystem signal a city’s capacity for innovation, job creation, and global competitiveness. High labor force participation and educational attainment reflect the availability of skilled workers, while low unemployment supports stability and resilience. Business infrastructure, such as international airport connectivity and venues capable of hosting major conventions, facilitates trade, investment, and knowledge exchange. Together with the reputation of leading universities, these factors shape a city’s ability to cultivate human capital, foster entrepreneurship, and sustain long-term economic vitality.

Prosperity Metrics

Convention Center
The size of the largest convention center in a region based on exhibition space. (Venue websites)

Large Companies
The number of companies with more than 1,000 employees that are headquartered in a city. (Crunchbase)

Labor Force Participation
A region’s active workforce, defined as the percentage of all people age 15+ who are employed or are actively seeking work. (OECD and National Statistic Offices)

Airports
Number of direct destinations from major airports within a 50-mile radius of the principal city. (Flightsfrom.com and travelmath.com)

University
The aggregate score of the highest-ranking university in a city, reflecting its academic reputation, research output, and global influence. A top-performing university attracts talent, drives innovation, and strengthens a city’s human capital – key drivers of long-term prosperity. (QS Top Universities, U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Rankings, and Times Higher Education World University Rankings)

Economic Output
The GDP per capita in a region in U.S. dollars, reflecting the value of goods and services produced per person. Higher economic output signals a productive economy and stronger capacity to invest in infrastructure, services, and talent. (OECD, Eurostat, Bureau of Economic Analysis, and National Statistic Offices)

Business Ecosystem
The quantity, quality and overall state of a city’s business environment that contributes to the success of start-ups. (StartupBlink)

Unemployment Rate
The rate of unemployment in a region. (OECD and National Statistic Offices)

Educational Attainment
Percentage of the population who have completed tertiary education or higher in a region. (OECD, Eurostat, and National Statistic Offices)

Perception
Ranking in a survey of more than 21,000 respondents from 31 countries about the top three cities and towns that they think currently have the best job opportunities. (Ipsos)